نویسندگان
Abdolreza Rouientan, Hamidreza Alizadeh Otaghvar, Hossein Mahmoudvand, Adnan Tizmaghz
تاریخ انتشار
2019/1
ژورنال
World journal of plastic surgery
جلد
8
نسخه
1
صفحات
116
توضیح
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is also well-known as Botox is produced by a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Generally, clinical manifestations of BTX can be observed after consumption of contaminated food, from colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract, as well as following the infection of the wound to this bacterium. There are seven types of this neurotoxin labeled as A, B, C (C1, C2), D, E, and F. Human botulinum is caused by types A, B, E and rarely F. The most common clinical symptoms of BTX in cosmetic goals are cervical dystonia, severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis, strabismus, neurogenic detrusor over-activity, chronic migraine, upper limb spasticity and blepharospasm. Botox has a wide range of therapeutic uses and occasionally patients receiving this treatment may experience botulism symptom including local and even distant and autonomic symptoms. Despite the